I-Photoresist okwamanje isetshenziswa kabanzi ekucubunguleni nasekukhiqizeni amasekhethi ezithombe ezinhle embonini yolwazi ye-optoelectronic. Izindleko zenqubo ye-photolithography zenza cishe u-35% wayo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza ama-chip, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi kubala u-40% kuya ku-60% wayo yonke inqubo ye-chip. Kuyinqubo ewumnyombo ekukhiqizeni ama-semiconductor. Izinto zokwakha ze-Photoresist zibalelwa ku-4% yenani eliphelele lezinto zokwenziwa kwama-chip futhi ziyizinto ezibalulekile zokwenziwa kwesekethe ehlanganisiwe ye-semiconductor.
Izinga lokukhula kwemakethe ye-photoresist yaseChina liphezulu kunezinga lamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokwemininingwane evela ku-Prospective Industry Research Institute, ukuhlinzekwa kwezwe lami kwe-photoresist ngonyaka ka-2019 bekucishe kube ngama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisi-7, futhi izinga lokukhula okuyinhlanganisela kusukela ngo-2010 selifinyelele ku-11%, elingaphezulu kakhulu kwezinga lokukhula komhlaba. Kodwa-ke, ukunikezwa kwendawo kubala cishe u-10% wesheya yomhlaba wonke, futhi ukushintshwa kwasekhaya kuzuzwe ikakhulukazi kwabathwebuli bezithombe be-PCB abasezingeni eliphansi. Izinga lokuzanelisa kwama-photoresists ku-LCD nezinkambu ze-semiconductor liphansi kakhulu.
I-Photoresist iyindlela yokudlulisa eyisithombe esebenzisa ukunyibilika okuhlukile ngemva kokusabela kokukhanya ukuze kudluliselwe iphethini yemaski ku-substrate. Ikakhulukazi yakhiwe i-ejenti ye-photosensitive (i-photoinitiator), i-polymerizer (i-photosensitive resin), i-solvent kanye nesengezo.
Izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-photoresist ikakhulukazi ziyi-resin, i-solvent nezinye izithasiselo. Phakathi kwazo, i-solvent akhawunti yengxenye enkulu kunazo zonke, ngokuvamile engaphezu kuka-80%. Nakuba ezinye izithasiselo zibalelwa ngaphansi kuka-5% wesisindo, ziyizinto ezibalulekile ezinquma izici eziyingqayizivele ze-photoresist, okuhlanganisa ama-photosensitizers, ama-surfactants nezinye izinto. Enqubweni ye-photolithography, i-photoresist iboshwe ngokulinganayo kuma-substrates ahlukene njengama-silicon wafers, ingilazi nensimbi. Ngemuva kokuvezwa, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokufaka, iphethini kumaski idluliselwa kwifilimu ukuze yakhe iphethini yejometri ehambisana ngokuphelele nemaski.
I-Photoresist ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu ngokuya ngezinkambu zayo zohlelo lokusebenza ezansi nomfula: i-semiconductor photoresist, i-photoresist yephaneli kanye ne-PCB photoresist.
I-Semiconductor photoresist
Okwamanje, i-KrF/ArF iseyinsiza evamile yokucubungula. Ngokuthuthukiswa kwamasekethe ahlanganisiwe, ubuchwepheshe be-photolithography buye bathuthuka kusukela ku-G-line (436nm) lithography, i-H-line (405nm) lithography, i-I-line (365nm) lithography, kuya ekujuleni kwe-ultraviolet DUV lithography (KrF248nm kanye ne-ArF193nm), Ukucwiliswa okungu-193nm kanye nobuchwepheshe bezithombe eziningi (32nm-7nm), bese kuba ngokwedlulele I-ultraviolet (EUV, <13.5nm) i-lithography, kanye ne-non-optical lithography (ukuchayeka kwe-electron beam, i-ion beam exposure), nezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-photoresist anobude obuhambisanayo njengamaza amaza azwelayo nazo zisetshenzisiwe.
Imakethe ye-photoresist inezinga eliphezulu lokugxila embonini. Izinkampani zaseJapan zinenzuzo ngokuphelele emkhakheni we-semiconductor photoresists. Abakhiqizi abakhulu be-semiconductor photoresist bahlanganisa i-Tokyo Ohka, i-JSR, i-Sumitomo Chemical, i-Shin-Etsu Chemical eJapane; I-Dongjin Semiconductor eNingizimu Korea; kanye ne-DowDuPont e-United States, phakathi kwazo izinkampani zaseJapane zithatha cishe u-70% wesabelo semakethe. Mayelana nemikhiqizo, i-Tokyo Ohka ihamba phambili emkhakheni we-g-line/i-line kanye ne-Krf photoresist, ngamasheya emakethe angu-27.5% no-32.7% ngokulandelanayo. I-JSR inesabelo semakethe esiphezulu kakhulu emkhakheni we-Arf photoresist, kuma-25.6%.
Ngokwezibikezelo ze-Fuji Economic, umthamo wokukhiqiza iglue we-ArF ne-KrF emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi ufinyelele kumathani ayi-1,870 kanye nezi-3,650 ngo-2023, nosayizi wemakethe ocishe ube yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-4.9 kanye nama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2.8. I-gross profit margin yabaholi be-photoresist baseJapane i-JSR kanye ne-TOK, kuhlanganise ne-photoresist, cishe i-40%, lapho izindleko ze-photoresist raw zibalwa cishe ngama-90%.
Abakhiqizi basekhaya be-semiconductor photoresist bahlanganisa i-Shanghai Xinyang, i-Nanjing Optoelectronics, i-Jingrui Co., Ltd., i-Beijing Kehua, ne-Hengkun Co., Ltd. Njengamanje, yi-Beijing Kehua ne-Jingrui Co., Ltd. kuphela enekhono lokukhiqiza ngobuningi i-photoresist ye-KrF , kanye nemikhiqizo ye-Beijing Kehua inikezwe i-SMIC. Iphrojekthi ye-photoresist engu-19,000/ngonyaka ye-ArF (inqubo eyomile) esakhiwa e-Shanghai Xinyang kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ekukhiqizweni okuphelele ngo-2022.
Iphaneli ye-photoresist
I-Photoresist iyinto ebalulekile yokwenziwa kwamaphaneli e-LCD. Ngokusho kwabasebenzisi abahlukene, ingahlukaniswa ngeglue ye-RGB, i-BM glue, i-OC glue, i-PS glue, i-TFT glue, njll.
Ama-photoresists ephaneli ahlanganisa ikakhulukazi izigaba ezine: ama-photoresists ezintambo ze-TFT, ama-photoresists e-LCD/TP spacer, ama-photoresist anombala kanye nama-photoresists amnyama. Phakathi kwazo, ama-photoresists e-TFT wiring asetshenziselwa izintambo ze-ITO, futhi ama-photoresists emvula e-LCD/TP asetshenziselwa ukugcina ukujiya kwezinto zekristalu ewuketshezi phakathi kwama-substrates amabili engilazi e-LCD engaguquki. Ama-photoresist ombala nama-photoresist amnyama anganikeza izihlungi zemibala imisebenzi yokunikeza umbala.
Imakethe ye-photoresist yephaneli idinga ukuzinza, futhi isidingo sama-photoresists sombala siyahola. Kulindeleke ukuthi ukuthengiswa komhlaba wonke kufinyelele kumathani angama-22,900 futhi ukuthengisa kuzofinyelela ku-US $ 877 million ngo-2022.
Ukuthengiswa kwe-TFT panel photoresists, LCD/TP spacer photoresists, kanye nabathwebuli bezithombe abamnyama kulindeleke ukuthi kufinyelele ku-US$321 million, US$251 million, kanye US$199 million ngokulandelana ngo-2022. Ngokwezilinganiso ze-Zhiyan Consulting, usayizi wemakethe we-photoresist wephaneli yomhlaba wonke uzofinyelela U-RMB 16.7 billion ngo-2020, ngesilinganiso sokukhula esingaba ngu-4%. Ngokwezilinganiso zethu, imakethe ye-photoresist izofinyelela ku-RMB 20.3 billion ngo-2025. Phakathi kwabo, ngokudluliselwa kwesikhungo semboni ye-LCD, usayizi wemakethe kanye nezinga lendawo le-LCD photoresist ezweni lami kulindeleke ukuthi likhule kancane kancane.
I-PCB photoresist
I-PCB photoresist ingahlukaniswa ngoyinki wokuphulukisa we-UV kanye noyinki wesifutho we-UV ngokwendlela yokumboza. Njengamanje, abahlinzeki be-inki be-PCB basekhaya baye bathola ukushintshwa kwasekhaya kancane kancane, futhi izinkampani ezifana ne-Rongda Photosensitive kanye ne-Guangxin Materials sezikwazile ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile bukayinki we-PCB.
I-Domestic TFT photoresist kanye ne-semiconductor photoresist basesesigabeni sokuqala sokuhlola. I-Jingrui Co., Ltd., Yak Technology, Yongtai Technology, Rongda Photosensitive, Xinyihua, China Electronics Rainbow, kanye ne-Feikai Materials zonke zinezakhiwo emkhakheni we-TFT photoresist. Phakathi kwazo, i-Feikai Materials kanye ne-Beixu Electronics bahlele umthamo wokukhiqiza ongafika kumathani ayi-5,000 ngonyaka. I-Yak Technology ingene kule makethe ngokuthola isigaba se-photoresist semibala ye-LG Chem, futhi inezinzuzo eziteshini nakubuchwepheshe.
Ezimbonini ezinezithiyo zobuchwepheshe eziphakeme kakhulu njenge-photoresist, ukuzuza impumelelo ezingeni lobuchwepheshe kuyisisekelo, futhi okwesibili, ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezinqubo kuyadingeka ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zentuthuko esheshayo yemboni ye-semiconductor.
Siyakwamukela kuwebhusayithi yethu ukuze uthole ulwazi lomkhiqizo nokubonisana.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-27-2024